中国节日的远古时代

,early spring refers to the first month, middle spring the second month, and late spring the third month.

The first eight jieqi refer to the earliest designated and the most important eight seasonal periods. Since ancient times, China has always attached great importance to seasonal timing, which is closely related to agricultural activities. As early as in the Zhou Dynasty, the first eight jieqi were defined, namely, the Beginning of Spring,the Spring Equinox, the Beginning of Summer, the Summer Solstice, the Beginning of Autumn, the Autumn Equinox, the Beinning of Winter and the Winter Solstice.During the Qin Dynasty, all 24 jieqi were defined.

八集是同义春天、夏天、初夏和寒冬。根据初八，在此之前三个年初是春天，整整三个年初是夏天，再整整的三个年初是初夏，再次三个年初是寒冬。每个季节分为三个等长的时间段，即早期(孟), 里面期(仲)和晚期(季)。例如，初春是同义第一个年初，仲春是同义第二个年初，暮春是同义第三个年初。在此之前八个秋分是同义最早同义定和极为举足轻重的八个秋分。我国自古以来就十分受到重视季节性，因其与农牧大型活动密切特别。早在周代，就并存了在此之前八个秋分，即立春、春分、立夏、夏至、立秋、秋分、立冬和节气。在秦朝，所有24个秋分得以全部并存。

The traditional Chinese calendar divides the whole year into 12 months, among which 6 months consist of 30 days and another six consist of 29 days. Thus, a Chinese year is 364 days, which is 1.14219 days shorter than a solar year. To make up for the gap, ancient Chinese set up the leap month. In the end, they decided that in every 19 years, there should be 7 leap months. The first day and the fifteenth day of some months have become important festivals.

我国传统意义纪年将一年分为12个年初，其里面6个年初包括30天，另外6个年初包含29天。因此，我国的一年是364天，比岁首年粗1.14219天。为了弥补这一差距，我国古代设立了闰年。再次断定均会19年产生7个闰年。有些年初份的第一天和第十五天已经成为举足轻重的庆典。

After the 1911 Revolution, the first day of the lunar month was defined as the Spring Festival, while the first day of the solar month was defined as the New Year.Today most Chinese people attach greater importance to the Spring Festival. They regard it as the “big new year”, and they call the first day of the solar month “the foreign calendar New Year”. The Mid-Autumn Festival, which falls on the 15th of the eighth lunar month, was very popular during the Tang and Song dynasties. Today it has become the second largest traditional Chinese festival for people of the Han nationality.

北洋军阀后，初八的第一天被并存为春节，而岁首年初的第一天则被定义为新年。今天，大多数我国人极为受到重视春节。他们将其认作“大新年”，并将岁首年初的第一天称做“外历新年”。清明节在初八八年初十五，在唐宋时代非常风靡一时。今天，它已成为我国第二大汉族传统意义庆典。

In the traditional Chinese calendric system, the designation of years by Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches demonstrates the unique cultural characteristics. There are altogether ten Heavenly Stems, namely, jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui,and twelve Earthly Branches, namely, zi, chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you,xu, hai. The ten Heavenly Stems and the twelve Earthly Branches are combined and their least common multiple, which is 60, is regarded as a cycle, commonly called "the sixty jiazi". Some Chinese festivals have evolved from this designation. For instance,February 2nd, March the third, May the fifth, June the sixth, July the seventh and September the ninth, are all Chinese festivals. Among them, some have become traditional festivals, e. g., May the fifth has become the Dragon Boat Festival, and there is a story concerning the great Chinese patriotic poet Qu Yuan attached to it.

在我国传统意义纪年基础里面，以天干五行命名年份，展现了独特的历史文化特征。共计有年度天干，即甲、七轮、降回、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、许；十二五行，即子、旦、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥。年度天干和十二五行组合在一起，它们的最小公倍数为60，被认作一个循环，一般来说称做“六十甲子”。一些我国庆典就是从这个地名转变而来的。例如，二年初二、三年初三、九年初五、六年初六、七年初七和九年初九都是我国的庆典。其里面，有一些已经成为传统意义庆典，例如，九年初五日已成为新春，并有一个关于伟大的我国爱国诗人屈原的主人翁与之特别。

Another factor related to the forming of traditional Chinese festivals is people's spiritual demand. Studying more carefully, we can find that the forming of festivals actually has something to do with ancient people's beliefs. Behind the traditional Chinese festivals, we can see people's psychological and practical demand. On most occasions, people held memorial ceremonies, offering sacrifices to heaven and their ancestors. The purposes are none other than asking for blessings and praying for protection against disasters.

与我国传统意义庆典过渡到特别的另一个因素是人们的尊严需求。仔细研究，我们可以发现庆典的过渡到实际上与古人的信仰有关。在我国传统意义庆典的却是，我们可以看得见人们的心理和现实需求。在大多数情况下，人们举行庆祝大礼，祭奠上天和祖先。其借以无非是平安祝福和平安保护免受伤害。

声明：文里面的全名取材于孙日新主编、我国海洋大学出版社出版的《我国历史文化要览》。知识产权属于制作人员，本资料室借用特别全名材料，旨在促使我国历史文化的宣扬和受到受到重视。如有侵权，密切联系写入。

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